JavaScript is a loosely-typed or dynamic language, which means that variables can hold values of any data type without requiring explicit type declaration. To make it easier to work with different types of data, JavaScript supports automatic type conversion, also known as type coercion.
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Type coercion happens when JavaScript implicitly converts the data type of a value to another type while evaluating an expression or performing an operation. This is done to make the code work even when values of different data types are used together.
Let's look at some examples of automatic type conversion in JavaScript.
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String coercion: When a string and a non-string value are combined using the `+` operator, JavaScript automatically converts the non-string value to a string.
Numeric coercion: When non-numeric values are used in arithmetic operations (except for the `+` operator), JavaScript tries to convert the values to numbers.
Boolean coercion: When a boolean value is used in a numeric context, JavaScript converts `true` to `1` and `false` to `0`.
Falsy values: JavaScript has a set of values that are considered "falsy" when used in a boolean context. These values are: `false`, `null`, `undefined`, `NaN`, `0`, and the empty string `""`. All other values are considered "truthy".
Keep in mind that relying on automatic type conversion can sometimes lead to unexpected results and bugs. To avoid this, you can use explicit type conversion (type casting) to make your code more predictable and easier to understand.